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VIOGNIER
Rhône 4600: Aromatic and elegant whites and rosés
Rhône 4600 was selected by the Inter-Rhône’s technical department after a three-year study of yeasts well suited for fermenting fruit forward, elegant white and rosé wines. High sugar and low nitrogen musts when fermented cool (13.5°C) with the Rhône 4600, have enhanced apricot and tropical fruit due to strong fatty acid ethyl ester production. Higher roundness with diminished bitterness also make the Rhône 4600 a good choice for Rhône white varietals and chardonnay. Although the Rhône 4600 does not enhance the varietal character of Sauvignon blanc or Semillon, this yeast does bring fatness and balance along with light aromatic ester notes as a good blending component.
58W3: For Alsatian style aromatic whites
58W3 was isolated, studied and selected during a five-year research project by the INRA in Colmar (Alsace), France in collaboration with Martin Vialatte Oenology and Gresser Oenology. The goal of this selection program was to find dominant natural yeast that would enhance spicy, floral and fruit descriptors in aromatic white varietals such as Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris. Unique to the 58W3 is its ability to contribute an overall well-balanced mouthfeel and minimize the development of bitter compounds that are associated with more basic ‘work horse’ -type yeast yeasts. Due to its fermentation kinetics, especially in high potential alcohol juices, a balanced nutrient strategy and good fermentation practices should be followed.
BA11: Secure yeast for white wine mouthfeel
BA11 was selected in 1997 near Estação Vitivinicola de Barraida in Portugal. It has excellent fermentation kinetics, even at low temperatures. It promotes clean aromatic characteristics and intensifies mouthfeel and lingering flavors in white wines. In relatively neutral white varieties, BA11 encourages the fresh fruit aromas of orange blossom, pineapple and apricot.
BM4X4: The attributes of Lalvin BM45 with optimized fermentation capacity
BM4X4 is a blend of Lalvin BM45 and another yeast known for its fermentation reliability. Lalvin BM45 is known and appreciated around the world for its round mouthfeel and stable color (see above description for Lalvin BM45). Lalvin BM45, however, is a slow fermenter and can require substantial nutrients to complete fermentation successfully and without the production of H2S. While Lalvin BM45 has a very strong following from winemakers who enjoy its slow fermentation and its suitability for long maceration programs, there are others who desire the attributes of Lalvin BM45 but with a timelier and secure fermentation. BM4X4 achieves this goal.
During the yeast growth phase, BM4x4 has the unusual capacity of releasing a significant quantity of polyphenol reactive polysaccharides into the fermenting must. The quantity and the quality of the polysaccharides released during fermentation, facilitate the production of red wines with great mouthfeel and improved color stability with dependable fermentation kinetics under difficult fermentation conditions. BM4x4 also brings roundness and to white wines and facilitates malolactic fermentation.
Cross Evolution: Natural cross hybrid for aromatic whites and rosés
Cross Evolution is a strong fermenting yeast, from the Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University in South Africa, that is ideal for aromatic white and Rosé wines with high alcohol potential, low fermentation temperatures and low nitrogen levels. Cross Evolution is not a genetically modified yeast but a result of a unique breeding program resulting in hybrids. Cross Evolution also contributes an increased mouthfeel component resulting in aromatic wines with a balanced mouthfeel. Cross EVOLUTION is recommended for Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon blanc and Voignier.
DV10: Champagne selection for primary and secondary fermentation
DV10 was selected by the SOEC in the Champagne region and is approved by the CIVC in Epernay. DV10 has strong fermentation kinetics over a wide temperature range and relatively low nitrogen demands. DV10 is famous for its ability to ferment under stressful conditions of low pH, high total SO2 and low temperature. Low foaming and low VA production characterize it. DV10 is considered a clean fermenter that respects varietal character and avoids bitter sensory contributions of other one-dimensional ‘workhorse’ yeasts such as Prise de Mousse. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.
Lalvin ICV-D21: The ‘terroir’ yeast
Lalvin ICV-D21 was isolated in 1999 from Pic Saint Loup Languedoc “terroir” during a special regional program run by the Institut Coopératif du Vin (ICV)’s Natural Micro-Flora Observatory and Conservatory. Lalvin ICV-D21 was selected for fermenting red wines with stable color, intense fore-mouth, mid-palate tannin structure, and fresh aftertaste. Unlike most wine yeasts, Lalvin ICV-D21 contributes both higher acidity and positive polyphenol reactive polysaccharides. Strong interactions of the polysaccharides with the floral and fruity volatile compounds (β-ionone, ethyl hexanoate) contribute to a more stable aromatic profile in the mouth. These attributes avoid the development of cooked jam and burning-alcohol sensations in highly mature and concentrated Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah. During fermentation, Lalvin ICV-D21 produces very few sulfides and it is also noted for its good fermentation performance even under high temperature and low nutrient conditions. It allows for the expression of fruit from the grapes while reducing the potential for herbaceous characters in Cabernet Sauvignon. When blended with wines fermented with Lalvin ICV-D254 and Lalvin ICV¬D80, Lalvin ICV-D21 brings fresher, sustained intense fruit and lively sensations beginning in the fore-mouth and carrying through to the aftertaste. Lalvin ICV-D21 is also used in very ripe white grapes, barrel-fermented to develop fresh fruit aromas, volume and acidity which compliments wines fermented with Enoferm ICV-D47 in blends. Rosé wines fermented with Lalvin ICV-D21 have enhanced red fruit, fore-mouth volume and balance, making it the perfect blending complement to Rosé wines fermented with Lalvin ICV-GRE.
Lalvin ICV-D254: For mouthfeel in Mediterranean-style reds
Lalvin ICV-D254 was selected by the ICV in 1998 from Syrah fermentations in Gallician, south of the Rhône Valley. In red wines, Lalvin ICV-D254 promises high fore-mouth volume, big mid-palate mouthfeel, intense fruit concentration, smooth tannins and a mildly spicy finish. Red wines made with Lalvin ICV-D254 may be blended with Lalvin ICV-D80 or Lalvin ICV-D21 to create more concentrated, full bodied wines. In unripe reds, ferment 25-50% of the lot with Lalvin ICV D254 and the balance with Lalvin ICV GRE to help mask vegetative character. As a complement to Lalvin Bourgoblanc CY3079, winemakers in North American use Lalvin ICV-D254 for fermenting Chardonnay with nutty aromas and creamy mouthfeel.
Enoferm ICV-D47: For complex whites with citrus and floral notes
Enoferm ICV-D47 is a Côtes du Rhône isolate from Suze-la-Rousse for the production of full-bodied barrel fermented Chardonnay and other white varietals. When left on lees, ripe spicy aromas with tropical and citrus notes are developed. Enoferm ICV-D47 is a high polysaccharide producer known for its accentuated fruit and great volume. On most of the white grape varieties, this yeast elaborates wines with ripe stable fruits or jam-like aromas. Thanks to these aromas, the cuvées fermented with the Enoferm ICV D47 are a good source of complexity in the blends. Moreover Enoferm ICV D47 contributes to the wines silkiness and persistence. Excellent results are particularly obtained for the production of top-of-the-range Chardonnay fermented in barrels, especially when blended with Lalvin ICV-D21 fermented chardonnays
Lalvin 71B: For nouveau wines
Lalvin 71B was isolated by the INRA (National Agricultural Research Institute) in Narbonne, France. Lalvin 71B is known for making blush and semi-sweet wines with a tropical fruit character. Long-lived aromas are due to its production of relatively stable esters and higher alcohols. Lalvin 71B also softens high acid musts by partially metabolizing malic acid.
Lalvin ICV-GRE: For fruit-forward Rhône-style wines
In 1992 the Lalvin ICV-GRE was selected from the Cornas area of the Rhône Valley. In reds, it contributes up front fruit to easy-to-drink Rhône style wines. Lalvin ICV-GRE is used with short skin contact regimes (3 to 5 days) to reduce vegetal and undesirable sulfur components in varieties like Merlot, Cabernet, Grenache and Syrah. In fruit-focused whites like Chenin blanc, Riesling, and Viognier, Lalvin ICV-GRE results in stable fresh fruit characteristics and delivers a big fore-mouth impact. If the fruit maturity is less than optimum, the Lalvin ICV-GRE is excellent for bringing overall balance to red, rosé and white wines. Rosé wines fermented with Lalvin ICV-GRE from more balanced maturity fruit, emphasize red fruit and higher volume and are complemented by blending Rosés fermented with Lalvin ICV-D21.
M05: A slow fermenter for cool climates
M05 was isolated in the Loire Valley Muscadet region. It is a slow fermenter that requires adequate nutrients and timely aeration. M05 works particularly well in low maturity white grapes from cool regions. With lees aging, M05 gives roundness and lower acidity. Even in low quality fruit it produces floral, fruity balanced wines with a long finish.
Enoferm QA23: Successfully ferments highly clarified must
Enoferm QA23 was selected in Portugal by the University of Tras os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) in cooperation with the Viticultural Commission of the Region Vinhos Verdes. It is used for Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Chenin blanc, Colombard and Semillon for production of fresh, fruity, clean wines. It enhances aromas of terpenic varietals through its beta-glucosidase activity and is an excellent thiol converter making it a complementary yeast for developing varietal Sauvignon blanc passion fruit character. Enoferm QA23 has a low nutrient requirement and will ferment juice with low turbidity at low temperatures (10°C). It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.
R2: For expression of Sauvignon blanc aromas
R2 was isolated in the Sauternes region of Bordeaux by Brian Croser of South Australia. It has excellent cold temperature properties and will ferment as low as 5°C. Without good nutrition and protection against osmotic shock, it can tend to produce VA. For this reason, suspension in NATSTEP during R2 rehydration and good nutrition during fermentation is recommended. R2 helps produce intense, direct fruit-style whites by liberation of fruity and floral aroma precursors. It is recommended for aromatic white varieties such as Sauvignon blanc, Riesling and Gewürztraminer. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.
W15: For clean, low-temperature ferments
W15 was isolated in 1991 from a high-quality Müller Thurgau must at the Viticulture Research Station in Wädenswil, Switzerland. W15 was developed to ferment dry white and red wines at moderate speeds, where bright fruit and good structure are desired due to the production of higher levels of glycerol and succinic acid. Very little heat is generated by W15 during fermentation, reducing the potential for formation of sulfide aromas and good osmotic tolerance has been noted for late harvest fermentations and icewine.
T306: For elegant aromatic whites
T306 was isolated from indigenous fermentations of Pinot Noir at Tyrrell’s Vineyards, Pokolbin, in the Hunter Valley NSW Australia. It is used mainly for fruit focused Pinot gris, Chardonnay, Semillon and Chenin blanc for imparting aroma characters of exotic fruit and pineapple. In barrel fermented Chardonnay it contributes elegant white fruit and mouthfeel, particularly with lees contact time.
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